"Soviet Russia and Tibet" surveys for the first time the entire history of religious and political relations between Russia and Tibet, from the 17th to the late 20th century, focusing on Soviet attempts to win Lhasa over in the 1920s. This is the first investigation into the little-known Bolshevik foreign ministry's strenuous efforts to win Lhasa over to the Soviet cause in the 1920s. Examining the history of relations between Russia (tsarist, Soviet and post-Soviet) and Tibet from the 17th century to the 1990s, the author puts at the core of his narrative the previously unknown story of clandestine negotiations between the Soviet government and the 13th Dalai Lama, forming part of Moscow's bitter struggle against British imperialism in Asia. The book provides insight into Soviet secret diplomacy and draws important conclusions relating to the history of Anglo-Russian competition for Tibet and Tibet's status prior to 1951.

This comparative history of the parallel development of Catholic political parties in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Belgium and The Netherlands contributes to the debate over Germany's "Sonderweg" or "special path" by showing that this aspects of Germany's history was not unique but similar to that of neighbors.

"Priest and Parish in Vienna, 1780 to 1880" details the social, cultural, and political transformation of the Austrian Catholic priesthood in nineteenth-century Vienna. It shows how priests, a very important and influential group in Austria, were changed from servants of the state into political activists working for the contentious Christian Social Party in fin-de-siecle Vienna.

Beschrijft op een indringende (en persoonlijke) manier hoe Nicolas Sarkozy altijd naar macht streefde.

80-jarige oorlog.

This study examines North Germany during the transformative era of the French Revolution, Napoleonic occupation, and Wars of Liberation; it reveals international exploitation, military occupation, economic destruction of the city-state Hamburg as well as the republic s liberation and post-Napoleonic autonomy. Examining shifts within local culture and the role of public opinion on civic morality, this book underscores the relationship between the civic ethics, public language, and collective memory in the construction of political identity and concludes that the transformation in values at the local level ultimately provides the crucial direction in the process of modern nation-building. Throughout the 1800s, the public commemoration and memory of occupation and liberation, rather than the actual Napoleonic experience, shaped the development of German nationalism.

This volume offers a detailed account of Leipzig s social and political history from 1750-1840 and then argues persuasively that the city played a catalytic role in the introduction of a Saxon constitutional monarchy after 1830.

The study based on interdisciplinary research by theologians and legal historians investigating the legal, philosophical and theological aspects of the Lutheran Reformation in the church and society, and the impact of the Reformation on law in the Nordic countries.

This book examines the nature and extent of changes in communal structures and self-definition among Jews and Christians in Germany during the century before the Reformation. It argues that Christian community was restructured along civic and religious lines resulting in the development of a local sacred society that integrated material and spiritual well being into a moral and legal society, stressing the common good and internal peace, while Jewish community, given a variety of factors, came to be defined through regional communal structures and moral and legal discourse that allowed for broader geographical communal identity. Bell draws from a variety of German, Latin, and Hebrew sources and takes into consideration several methods and viewpoints of studying history.

The volume deals with aspects of education in the urban society of northern Germany in the late Middle Ages. It examines the school system, university studies, the employment of the graduates and the social status they attained.

This volume explores the attempt by the dynasty of the high-medieval Crown of Aragon to 'rationalize' its court in support of its expansionist program. It also examines the quotidian operations and social milieu of the various bureaus of the court.

Betrifft die Handschrift Cod. 120.II der Burgerbibliothek Bern. - Abb. auf Umschlag: f. 101r.

A study of the production and use of iron and steel in early China, and simultaneously a methodological study of the reconciliation of archaeological and written sources in Chinese cultural history. Includes chapters on the technology of iron production based on studies of artifact microstructures.

What you see depends on where - and when - you are looking from. As this enthralling book shows, maps have shaped our view of the world throughout history, and are themselves shaped by the ideas, prejudices, systems of power and creativity of their age. Jerry Brotton examines twelve world maps from global history - from the mystical representations of ancient civilizations and the medieval mappaemundi to the satellite-derived imagery of today - to show how, by reading them, we can better understand the worlds that produced them. You will never look at a map in quite the same way again. 'Marvellous historical writing that captivates the reader and reveals the aura with which artefacts from the past entrance us.' Robert Mayhew, History Today 'A mesmerising and beautifully illustrated book . . . Rich and endlessly absorbing.' Sinclair McKay, Daily Telegraph 'A highly rewarding study . . . you will emerge with a detailed insight into how maps reflect, expose and manipulate the societies in which they are made.' Simon Garfield, Mail on Sunday 'Conveyed with beguiling erudition . . . maps prove to be less conveyors of information than theatrical performances.' Andrew Linklater, Spectator 'A brilliant exercise in global history.' Stephen Howe, Independent, Books of the Year

From the romantic conflicts of the Victorian Great Game to the war-torn history of the region in recent decades, Tournament of Shadows traces the struggle for control of Central Asia and Tibet from the 1830s to the present. The original Great Game, the clandestine struggle between Russia and Britain for mastery of Central Asia, has long been regarded as one of the greatest geopolitical conflicts in history. Many believed that control of the vast Eurasian heartland was the key to world dominion. The original Great Game ended with the Russian Revolution, but the geopolitical struggles in Central Asia continue to the present day. In this updated edition, the authors reflect on Central Asia's history since the end of the Russo-Afghan war, and particularly in the wake of 9/11.